Stone and metal cutting and carving machine.



E. R. LOCHMAN.

STONE AND METAL CUTTING AND CARVING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED OCT-16. 1901. RENEWED on. 1. 1910.

' 1,199,801. Patented Oct. 3,1916.

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72 70 67 Q 9% 'mz/fllurfim'll v a W BY 7L0 M 6 I ATTORNEY E. R. LOCHMAN. STONE AND METAL CUTTING AND CARVING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED OCT-16' 1907- RENEWED OCT. 1,1910.

1, 1 99,801 Patented Oct. 3, 1916.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2- WITNESSES: 89 88 L T 1- INVENTOR.

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WITNESSES:

E. R. LOCHMAN.

Patented Oct. 3, 1916.

5 SHEETSSHEET 3.

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9 99 I (61M W ATTORNEY.

E. R. LOCHMAN.

S TONE AND METAL CUTTING AND CARVING MACHINE. APPLICATiON FILED MT. 16. 1907. RENEWED OCT. 1.1910.

1,199,801. I Patented Oct. 3,1916.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

MTNESSESI' INVENTOR.

1 51111714 Lac/91m ATTORNEY.

E. R. LOCHMAN.

STONE AND METAL CUTTING AND CARVING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED 0CT.16, 1901. RENEWED OCT. 1.1910.

Patentgd Oct. 3, 1916.-

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

WITNESSES: I N VEN TOR.

y 0717 ELM/2mm BY I 277, %z6 #Z I ATTORNEY.

- frame folds upon a movement of the tool-L EMIL R. LocHMAmor's'r. LOUIS, MISSOURI,

LSpecification of Letters Patent.

S'IQNEAND METAL ave e-A n cnnvme MACHINE.

Patented Oct. 3, 1916'.

, Application filed October 16, 1907, Serial No.'397,702. Renewed October 1, 1910. Serial No. 584,947.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EMIL R. LooHMAN, citizen of the United States, residing at St. Louis, State of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Stone and MetaLCutting and Carving Machines, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description; reference being had tov the accompanying drawings, formin a part hereof. p 1

y invention has relation to improvements in, cutting and carving machines; and it consists in the novel details of construction mor fully set forth in the specification and pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a transverse vertical section of the machine'on the line l'1 of Fig. 2; Fig. 2'is a front elevation thereof (the parts being broken a little short of the opposite end of the machine) Fig. 3 is a top plan of the machine; Fig. 4 is a vertical transverse section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a front end view of Fig. 4, with parts broken away; Fig. 6 is a top plan of Fig. 4.; Fig. 7 is a vertical sec.-

tional detail showing the interior arrangementof the hollow stafi' carrying the movable support 'or nut by which the necessary inclination is imparted to the stock mounted on the stock-frame; Fig. 8'is a middle longitudinal section of the tool spindle; Fig. 9 is a similar enlarged section of the operating end of the tool-spindle; Fig. 10 is'an enlarged sectional detail showing the mode of fastening the operating cords of the wheels which are coupled to the sliding bearings of the tool-frame; Fig. 11 'is avertical cross .section on the line 1111 of Fig. 12 of the upper part of the linked frame over which the drive-belt passes; Fig. 12 is a vertical longitudinal section on the line 1212 of Fig. 11; Fig. 13 is' an enlarged side view of the upper end of the linked frame showing th manner of suspending the casing of the gravitating pulley; Fig; 14 is a diagrammatic viewshowing the manner in which the toolframe-shifting carriage with a shifting of the carriage to one side of its central position; Fig. 15 is a vertical transverse section on the line 15-15 of Fig. 16taken through the tool-frame at a point within the reverse cutter; Fig. 16 is a top plan of Fig. 15 and a sectionon the horizontal line 16-16 of said figure Fig. 17 is a front view of the socket carrying the tracer as used in conjunction-wlth the reverse cutter; and Fig.

18 is a sectional detail on the line 1818 'of Fig. 4.

The present invention relates more particularly to a class of machines available for cutting and carving stone and metal in contradistinction to wood-carving machines, and among the objects of the invention may be stated the following: to provide suitable means for effectively and simultaneously controlling, and positioning over the stock operated on, the several tools operating on such stock, the tools being manipulatedby devices mounted on a. traveling carriage view of enabling the latter to traverse every portion of the contour of such pattern,

thereby duplicating in every'detail the configuration of the pattern on the stock operated on by the tools; to provide special. means for controlling the stock-frame and the component parts thereof between which n the stock is held; to provide special means for regulating the depth of insertion of the operating tools into the stockets or chucks v of the tool-spindles; to provide special means for fastening the tools; to provide special means for exercising control over the-positions of the tracer and tools in any particular direction relative to the pattern, ,and to the stock operated on; to provide special means for the accommodation of a suitable reverse cutter attachment, that is to say, an attachment capable of producing reverse counterparts of a given pattern; to provide special means for feeding water to the tools; and lastly to provide further and other details the advantages of which. will be fully apparent from a detailed description of the invention which is as follows:

Referring t6 the drawings, which show only a portion of the full length of the machine, both ends of the machine being alike, 1, represents one of the hangers from which is suspended the drive-shaft S, carbelt B to any source of power (not'shown).

end of the drive passing around the pulley 6 Disposed along the drive-shaft are a series of drums 4, over each of which passes the tool-drivingbelt or drive 5,.the forward of the tool spindle hereinafter more particularly referred to. Before reaching .the tool-spindle, the drive traverses the pulleys '7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, mounted on special frames which allow for the vertical osclllations to which the tool-supporting bar 25 and its supporting oscillating arms a are sub.- jected during the progress of the work. The arms a are coupled together in the rear by piping c and are susceptible of horizontal oscillation about the central rocker tube or hollow-shaft c, itself mounted rotatably in blocks or bearings 03 capable of forward and backward reciprocations on the ledges or ways 6 formed on the supportingstandards E.

Mounted on a shaft 72. at the top of each standard E is a wheel 12 having sections of cable or rope 13, 13, wrapped around its periphery from opposite directions, the outer ends of the cables being secured to the ends of the blocks d. It is obvious of course that horizontal pressure or draft on the rock-shaft 0 inv either direction will cause the latter with its tool-bar t to move backward or forward over the ways 6, the hearing blocks winding up one cable 13 about the wheel 12 while permitting the opposite cable'to unwind from the wheel, the cable connection described being akin to a rackand-pinion. The manner of securing the inner ends of the cable 13 to the wheel 12 is immaterial, though. I prefer the employment of suitable keepers 14 formed on the wheel and engaging the terminal hooks 15 on the cables, suitable tightening bolts or screws 16 serving hold the cables taut (Fig; 10). Since the drive 5 traverses the pulleys 7, 8,9, 10, 11, during the vertical oscillations to which the tool-bar t is subj ected about the axis of therock-shaft 0, and during any horizontal reciprocations with any lateral oscillations of the arms a, it follows that a special frame must be impro vised to accommodate the drive 5 under these conditions without impairing the speed of the drive and without undue binding or "straining of the several parts. This frame j may be described as follows: Projecting forward from the'hangers 1, are bracket-arms 17 between which is mounted a rod 18-0ver which are loosely passed the sleeves 19, each sleeve being provided with a right-angularly disposed open-ended socket 20 through which Yloosely passes a rod 21, the lower end of said rod being coupled to the socket 22 of a similar sleeve 23 snugly embracing a parallel rod 24. The opposite ends of the rod 24 terminate in the adjacent members of the vertical pair of arms 25,25, between whose upper terminals the pulleys 8 are mounted. The pulley 8 itself is carried between the members of the bracket 26 at the Between the lower ends of the pairs of arms I 25, 25 disposed on opposite ends of the machine is mounted a rod 39 from which extends pivotally forward a link 31' coupling pivotally to an intermediate point of a second link 31 whose opposite ends are respectively hinged to the under sides of the pipes 0 and c.

The casing 32 housing the pulleys 9, 10, is provided with -a front extension or arm 33 pivotally coupled to the pipe 0 and to the adjacent end .of a link 34, and with a rear extension or arm 33 hinged to the pipe 0 (Fig. 1.1). The forward end of the link 34 has mounted the pulley 11 whose spindle is coupled by means of a link 35 to the adjacent swinging arm a between the outer ends of which the tool-bar t is disposed. Of this linked frame the parts are all movable with the exception of the rod 18; and as the arms a carrying the tool-bar .zfi oscillate up and down, the rods 21 play loosely through the sockets 20' of the sleeves 19. As the rear of this frame rises, the slack in the belt 5 is taken up by the gravitating casing 29 which ener, taking up any slack in the belt from any cause whatsoever. As the tool-bar 2. reciprocates longitudinally by reason of any horizontal oscillations to which the arms a may be subjected, the jointed connection between the parts 33, 34, will allow for such oscillation. I

The tool-bar t, as in many prevailing carving machines is susceptible of bodily vertical oscillation to and from'the stock, byvirtue of the oscillation imparted to the arms a about the axis of the rock-shaft 0 about which they are gripped, and about which they are susceptible of independent oscillation in a horizontal plane; but in the present invention special provision is made for actuating the tool-bar with. a view of positioning the tools on the stock in a lateral, backward and forward, "and vertical direction, this being accomplished through the instrumentalities of means which control the position of what is here termed the means by which it, and the tool-bar are actuated and controlled to accomplish the purposes here stated. Mounted rigidly between the standards E, E (it being remembered that only one end of the machine is here shown, and that another standard similar to the one illustrated is at the opposite end of the machine) in front of the axis of rotation (h) of the wheels 12, and in front of and above the axis of rotation of the rock-shaft c, is a rack-rail or bar 36 provided with arib 37 equipped. with a proper complement of teeth 38. Along this rail is adapted to reciprocate the carriage C from the bottom boss 39 of which pro- .jects forward an arm 40 having a laterally disposed-rack-41 (Fig. 4). The end of the arm 40 carries a bearing or bracket 42 from the base of which diverges a supplemental bracket or arm 43. Mounted between the upper end of'the arm.42 and a bearing 44 o the carriage isa shaft 45 terminating at its outer end in 'a hand-wheel 46-and at its inner end within the bearing 44 in a plnion 47 whereby, upon turning of the hand.-

wheel in either direction, the said'pinion engaging the teeth 38 causes the carriage G to be shifted longitudinally along the rail 36. .The arm 43 supports one end of a clamping screw 48 provided with a handle 49, the inner end of the screw passing through a-boss or ,bearin 50 of the carriage and engaging the wall 0 the rail 36whereby the carriage may be tightly clamped to the rail by the screw, once. the carriage has been shifted to its proper position on "the rail. Adapted to be shifted backward and forward along the rack-arm 40 is a laterally projecting sleeve 51 which forms-the basal,

portion of a hollow tubular bearing 52,.the latter having an upper lateral sleeve 53 loosely embracing, and guided by the shaft 45, the parts 51, 52, 53 constituting one piece and moving as a unit for any reciprocations imparted to the sleeve 51. The tube 52 serves as a bearing for the vertically adjustable rod or plug 54 which can be, when once properly adjusted within. the bearing,

1 securely clamped in position by the screw lating lever 59 coupled to the tool-bar t 55 (Fig. 5) carried by the t be 52. The base ofthe rod 54 is provide with a forwardly inclined socket which receives one end of a rigid coupling pin 56 secured in 1 the socket by the screw 57, the lower end of.

the pin terminating in a spherical head 58 engaginga socket at the end of the short arm of a vertically and horizontally oscilhead 58 thus forms. a joint about which the lever 59 may freely oscillate, said lever being used to exert (whenseized by the op erator) the necessary pressure against the stock operated-on by the tools, as morefully hereinafter to:bereferred to. f f v v Mounted rotatably on a stud or pin 60 supported by the lug 61 formed on the sleeve 51', is a. pinion 62 which is free to engage the rack-teeth 41 through an elongated peripheral slot 8 formed in the sleeve 51, the pin being loosely embraced immedi ately abov'e the pinion and between it and the head of the pin (Fig. 5)- by a horizontally oscillating ring 63 providedwith ears between which is pivotally'. suspended a pawl 64'adapted to engage the pinion when said pawl hangs vertically suspended. The

lower end of the pawl terminates in a socket 65 which receives a horizontal level: 66.: It is apparent from the connections ust described that if the lever 66 be raised vertically sufficiently to disengage the pawl 64 the teeth 41 will move the sleeve'51 and its bearing 52, backward or forward along the arm 40, depending of course on which direc-- tion the lever 66 is swung. The operator can thus imparta series of rotations to the pinion 62 in proper direction by giving the pinion a turn, then releasing the pawl by raising the lever then swinging the lever back. to secure a newpurchase on the pinionby dropping the pawl back into engagement with thepinion, and so on, very much on the order of a pawl and ratchet connection. The lever 66 thus determines the rela-.

tive position which the axis ofthe rod 54 to which the coupling pin 56 is secured,-

shall occupy, and hence determines the position of the axis of oscillation (joint 58) of the tool-bar controlling lever 59 from the vertical "plane passing through the axis of vertical oscillation of the arms a from which the tool-bar t is suspended. It like-r wise determines the 58 relative to the axis of the rail or bar 36.

The stock-frame,- '.that 'is, the frame by which thepattern andstock are supported is characterized by features of constructionosition of said joint which allow of the ready-presentation to the tools, of every portion of the contour of the pattern to be reached byctheftracer, with a vlew of accurate reproductiorr of the pat-i tern on the stoneior-metal stock operated on by 'the tools." The composition of the stock frame is substantially as follows;

Mounted on rails R disposed adjacent to, and between the standards E, and at right angles supported on -wheels 67 are the front and rear-pairs of hollow stafls 68,69 respec- ,to the general length of the machineyand tively, the members; of each pair being coniiected at the bottom. by an inverted channel bar 70: in. which. is housed a sprocket-- chain: 71 connecting the sprocket wheels 72 carried at the bases: of the screws or screwrods 73 mounted in the stafis', the upper end of the screw terminating in a square head adapted to be engaged by the socket of a re:

,movable handle 7 4.. The cross-section of the Y is rotatably mounted a longitudinally disposed platform or head-chuck 77 (having an arched exterior and a flat base and virtually a. half cylinder in cross-section) provided with a series of axially rotatable spiders composed of the disks 7 8 and radiating arms '79, the arms of the spiders being suitably grooved or channeled out for-the reception of the adjustable clamping blocks 80 between which the stock or pattern 0 is held. Projecting from the chuck 77 are aseries 'of spacing members or rods 82 whose free ends pass loosely through a tail-chuck or follower 77 similar to the head-chuck 77, the fiat side of this follower 7 7' bearing against the adjacent ends of the stock and pattern and forcibly held in contact therewith by the tightening or clamping nuts 83 passed over the outer screw-threaded ends of the rods 82. The member .77 is likewise rotatably'moun'ted between the nut-bearings 7 6, carried by the. nuts 75 operating on the screws 73 in the rear pair of staffs 69. The adjacent members of each pair of staffs 68, 69 are coupled on the side bya spacing bar 84 passing loosely through bearings 85 to which it may betightly clamped by a screw 86.- The forward or outer wheels of the outer pair of stafis 68 are connectedby a shaft 86 at each end of which is mounted a drum or pulley 87, the said drum havin wrapped-about it a cord or cable 88 (secure by a central staple m) whose opposite ends pass off the drum" in opposite directions and are secured to. the floor by means of clamps 89.

The chucks 77, 77 and rods 82 virtually couple the front and rear pairs of staffs 68,

69 together, the greatest distance between 'the stafis being when the rods 82 areper pendicular to both staffs. In Fig. 1 the rods are inclined about 30 degrees to the horizontal If now the operator should desire to raise the rods say to a horizontal position (the stock and pattern of course oscillating accordingly) he first loosens the rear set of clamping screws 86 so as to release the staffs 69, 69 from the bars 84. By now turning the handle 74 applied to the screw of one of the front stafi's in proper direction to elegreater angle with the horizontal, he tight- I ens the rear set of screws 86, and loosens the front set (those on the staffs 68) then by turning the crank 74 to gradually lower the nuts 75, the staffs 68" will travel rearwardly on their rails B, being drawn in this direction by the dropping or downward oscillation of the chuck 77. In their travel, the staffs 68 will of course impart rotation to the shaft 86'which in turn will rotate the drum 87 causing the opposite wraps of the cables 88 to correspondingly and respectively wind on and unwind from the drums. The

drum and cable arrangement here shown of course insures for the staffs a travel in lines perfectly parallel with the length of the machine so that there'can be no deviation in the direction of the general axis of disposition of the stock and pattern operated on, In practice of course either pair of stafis 68, 69 may be loosened from their spacing bars 84, and the crank be applied to the screw 73 of either staff, the loose pair always conforming itself to the position which the inclination of the rods 82 shall determine for it. By thus inclining the pattern,- (and stock) to any desirable position,

any portion of its surface (no matter what its configuration) may be presented to the tracer and to the cutting tools. In addition to this adjustment the spiders carrying the pattern andstock are rotated from time to time about spindles 90, the are through which the parts'are thus rotated being gaged by the spacing openings 91 of'the disk 78 through which is passed a plug or pin 92 to keep the spider from accidental turning. It is apparent therefore that from the va rious inclinations and rotations which may be imparted to the stock and pattern on the stock-frame, any available portion of the area of such pattern and stock may be presented to the tools (including of course the tracer).

As stated at the outset, the present machine is designed to cut and carve on stone and metal stock, and naturally requires a tool or bit of hardtextureto accomplish its purpose. I accordingly employ "a carborundum tool 93, mounting the same in a socket or chuck 94 at the end of the hollow tool-spindle 95, saidspindle having keyed thereto the belt-pulley 6 over which the drive 5 passes. The socket 9.4 has yielding walls or members resulting from the lee ' 97 with which is integrally formed a sleeve 98 terminating in a taper 99. i. As the nut is forced upward the tapered end of the'sleeve contracts or closes the yielding members of the chuck, causing them "to'close over the tool and tightly grip thesame. The tool'- spindle is mounted in the tool-bar t as shown (Fig. 8) the latter being provided with a depending hollow vboss 100 serving in a measure as a casing for the spindle, the bottom of the inner surface of the boss being suitably chambered to receive the annular bands 101-102 between which is formed a circular race-way for the ball bearings 103, the inner band 102 resting on a shoulder 104 formed on the spindle, and its upper edge bearing against the base of a bushing 105 interposed between it and the bottom of the pulley 6. The outer band 101 rests on a ring 106 screwed into the bottom of the boss 100. At the upper edge of the toolbar t is formed a pocket for the reception of the annular bands 101', 102', also furnishing a race-way for the balls 103, the inner band 102 being held down by a nut 107 screwed to the spindle, the outer ring 101 being held in place by a cap-piece 108 secured to the tool-bar. Passed through the cap-piece 108 is an adjustable rod 109 held in position when once adjusted 'by a screw 110, the purposeiof said rod beingto limit the position of the adjustable stem 111 movable longitudinally through the bore of the spindle, the stem being provided with diametrically opposite longitudinal grooves 112 which are automatically engaged by, the spring locking keys 113 disposed along the inner wall of the spindle. These keys are U-shaped springs, the arms of the' springs being supported in sockets or openings 114 formed in the spindle walls, the bases of the springs entering the slotsor grooves 112 of the stem when the latter is inserted into the spindle. The keying or locking of the stem to the spindle permits the stem to rotate with the spindle and with the tool, so that the spindle, the tool, and stem rotate as a unit. The stem 111 obviously limits the depth of insertion of the tool 93 into the' socket or chuck of the tool spindle, the stem in turn being adjusted by the adjustment of the rod 109 which serves as an abutment or stop for the stem.

Under ordinary and prevailing operations of themachine, a lateral swing or oscillation of the tracer (that is, to the right or left of the operator facing the machine) is accompanied by a corresponding oscillation of the tools, the tool-bar t responding to the lateral or horizontal sways imparted to the arms a about the pivots on the rock shaft 0.

In some'cases however it is desirable, While the tracer Kismaking a sweep in one direction that the tool spindles shall sweep in a diametrically opposite direction. This operation is resorted 'to where it is desirable to produce a reverse counterpart of the design or pattern traced by. the tracer. I accomplish this result by a reverse-cutting attachment or reverse cutter which may or may not form a permanent attachment for the machine. This attachment consists of therockingsegments 115, 115' respectively, secured directly to one of the arms a (a' being the tracer arm) the curved rockerfaces of the segments being united-by two straps or cords 116, one end of eachstrap being connected to one end of one rockerface and'the opposite end to the'opposite end of the opposite rocker-face, the rocking faces under the circumstancesacting as two gear-wheels. While the reverse cutter is in engagement, the coupling pin 117, connecting the socket 118 of the tracer (loosely enveloping the tool-bar t) to the tool-bar t, is removed, thereby permitting the tracer tool to sweep horizontally in one direction while. the.tool-spindles are sweeping in the opposite direction. It thus becomes possible with a single pattern or design to not only produce under normal operations of the machine, a duplicate carved copy thereof, but

.upon coupling the reverse cutter, to produce a reverse counterpart of such original that is necessary is to uncouple or detach the cords 116, and couple the tracer-arm a to the tool-bar by restoring the pin 117, when the machine is again set to operate in the ordinary way.

The general character of the reverse cutter as described is well understood and no-claim is made thereto, the same being shown to illustrate its manner of application to the present machine. Where the reverse cutter is employed the lever 59 is connected to a ring 119 loosely encompassing an extension of-the tracer-socket 118. The ring 119 is an important feature as by means of it, the tool-bar t is at all times permitted to be turned about its axis so as to impart any desirable inclination to the tracer and tools, whether the reverse cutter is in commission or not, it being understood that the tool-bar t is rotatable in its bearings in the arms a, in which it may be set -to impart any inclination to the tools by the clamping heads 129, a construction well known in the art. During the cutting operation the tools are supplied with the necessary quantity of water through the hose 120 terminating in a, nozzle 121 secured to the tool-bar by a clamp 122.

The controlling lever 59 connected by the ball and socket joint 58 to the carriage C is coupled to the'tool-bar as shown in Figs.

4 and 18, that isto say, it is provided near its fulcrum. joint with an elongated loop 126 which is screwed into the boss of a strap 127 encompassing the top and sides of the tool-bar t, the tracer K being secured to the bar If and the strap by hooks 128. Any other available mechanical connection of course would answer the purpose. By raising the lever 59 thus connected to the toolbar 6 it draws the latter (and the entire tool-carrier frame) after it, the tracer and tools having imparted thereto the necessary inclination by virtue of this movement (dotted position Fig. 4). A depression of the lever 59 would of course produce corresponding contrary results as must be obvious.

The operation of the machine may at. this timebe conveniently described: For the sake of convenience the parts 0, c a t, may be collectively denominated as the tool-frame or tool-carrier frame since it is this frame which carries the several tools. As a frame it is capable of rotation or oscillation in a vertical plane about the axis'of the rocktube or pipe 0, and the arms a a and toolbar 25 thereof are capable of oscillation to the left and right (of the observer) that is laterally or horizontally in planes passing through said axis, in which lateral oscillations the tool-bar has imparted thereto longitudinalreciprocations parallel to said axis. These several movements however are not new as they are previously described in former patents. In the present machine however which is specially designed for operating on surfaces of greatresistance such as .stone and metal, it is essential that the tool-bar and tool-frame as a whole shall be as rigida-s possible and to secure this rigidity the tool-bar is connected to the fixed rail 36 by the rigid connection represented by the carriage C and parts coupling the same to the .tool-bar (Fig. 4); and while this connection is rigid it is at the same time adjustable. The adjustment again is not limited in direction to and from the rail 36 which serves as a rigid abutment against whichthe tool-frame may at all times brace itself, but may be effected in a direction parallel to the rail. The transverse adjustment is controlled by the lever 66, and the longitudinal adjustment by the shaft 45 and its pinion 47 engaging the teeth 38 of the rail. There is in addition a simultaneous control of the tool-frame in both directions effected by the horizontal oscillation of the lever 59 about its fulcrum, a fact which will be obvious from the following explanation'z By swinging the lever 59 in a horizontal plane about its fulcrum 58 (Figs. 3, 4) every point thereof will describe the are .an arc of a circle.

of circle, and hence the tracer K and every tool 93 carried by the bar If to which said lever is coupled will likewise describe The tool-bar 6 will partake of a double movement namely a longitudinal movement corresponding in degree to the length of the sine of the arc traversed, and a transverse movement (or at right angles to the member (1 or bar 86) corresponding to the, versed-sine of said arc, or in other words of a combined rectilinear and circular-motion. In this respect the rear member 0 of the tool-frame will correspond except that its movements will be opposite'to those of the member t, the members an oscillating conjoi'ntly in the same direction about their pivoted connections on the member a. In other. words the parts a, a c t will behave like thesides of a parallelogram which is jointed at its corners, folding or unfolding according to the character of movement imparted to its respective sides, it being obviousthat the two sides which are moved in opposite directions will approach or recede from one another according as the parallelogram is folded or unfolded (see diagram Fig. 14). If therefore the operator simply oscillated the controlling lever 59 horizontally without more, the tools would operate on the stock along arcs of circles. If however at the same time, the operator by manipulating the pawl-lever 66 actuates the pinion 62 to cause the sleeve 51 to shift backward and forward along the rack-arm 40 so as to impart a transverse movement to the tubular bearing 52 and rod 54 to whose pin 56 the lever 59 is jointed. it is obvious that now, not only will the tools describe arcs of circles with the oscillations imparted to the lever 59 about its center 58, but this center, together with the tools and the entire tool-frame will have imparted thereto a bodily transverse movement transverse designating a movement to and from the operator, or to and from the rail 36, oracross the width of the ma-.

chine), the combination of the two movements causing the tools to traverse an areal section of the stock. Of course each tool may be regarded as oscillating about a center of its own, such center corresponding to the center 58 and being disposed mathematically on a line drawn parallel to the tool-bar f and passing through the center 58 specifically identified with the lever 59 and the tracer K. This areal traverse under the circumstances of the combined movements described, naturally follows, since a body moving a given distance in one direction, and then in a direction transverse thereto will necessarily move over a surface represented by the products of the two distances.

In practice the operator seizes one lever (59) by one hand, and the other lever (66) with the other hand, and by deftly manipulating both levers he can bring the tracer K (and hence the tools) to play over any portion of a limited area of the pattern and stock respectively. The magnitude of this area thus operated on will depend on the degree of the transverse movement which Necessarily therefore this area is quite circumscribed, and to enlarge it, it is necessary particularly with flat stock to shift the carriage C longitudinally-along the rack-rail 36 to enable the operator. to reach'fresh surfaces, provided of course the pattern is considerable in dimensions. Small patterns and stock rotatably mounted, and the surfaces of which immediately exposed to .the' tools are limited and readily fall within the circumscribed area may be conveniently rotated from time to time about their spindles 90, so as to expose fresh parts to the tracer and tools until their entire surfaces have been gone over; but for patterns (and stock) of any considerable length, the carriage C must be moved along the rail or abutment 36 to enable the tools to reach fresh surfaces. Of course the longitudinal shifting of the carriage is accomplished by turning the hand-wheel 46 which, imparting rotation to the pinion 47 causes the carriage to move along the rail. In this movement the carriage moves the tool-bar t longitudinally with it, but as thedistance between the tool-bar and rail is a fixed one for any given adjustment of the sleeve 51, and the bar If, by reason of the rigid connection interposed between it .and the rail or abutment 36, can not approach said abutment in its longitudinal movements, it follows that, in order that the parallelogram a a 0' t may fold or properly respond'to such move ment of the tool-bar, the rear member 0' must move toward the member t- (a result made possible because of the free movement of the tool-frame over the tracks or ways e undervthe circumstances), the members'a an oscillating in proper direction in conformity thereto. This adjustment is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 14, which shows the carriageC moved to the right of its original position; and since the bar 2% was shifted the same distance, yet could not approach the rail 36 from which it is separated by a rigid co 1 1'n tion, it followed that the member 0 (and a lso shaft 0) had to approach the memher If to allow the parallelogram to partially closeor fold, this folding being'permitted because of the mounting of the parallelo gram (tool-frame) on the sliding blocks "(1. The solid blacklines in said Fig. 14 show the tool-frame when fully unfolded and when the arms a are at right angles to the members 0 t; the dotted position shows the arms a a at an oblique angle to 0' t,.and 0 nearer t, thedistance between the rail or abutment 36 and the member If being con:

stant (that is to say, constant for any predetermined adjustment between these two immediate parts). It follows therefore that the tool-bar may be shifted longitudinally and transversely along the stock by a horizontal sweep of the lever 59; it may be shifted transversely (that is to and from-the operator) across the machine by the manipulation of the lever 66, (these two levers being connected through the sleeve 51, plug 54, and pin 56); it may be shifted longitudinally in a line forming an extension or continuation of its length by the manipulation of the shaft 45 and pinion 47 (Fig. 14). The tool-bar :6 may likewise be tilted upward or depressed (dotted parts Fig. 4) by raising or lowering the lever 59 in which event the entire tool-frame is not onlyoscillated I about the axis of the hollow shaft 0, but is drawn along the ways e to conform itself to the sweep of said lever; and it" makes no difference in the general results where the reverse cutter (Fig. '16) is in commission, except that as the arma' is oscillated in one direction the tool-bar oscillates in the opposite direction. By restoring the pin 117 the machine again operates in theordinary Way, and in practice the tracer K may be mounted as shown in Fig. 4 or as shown in Figs. 15, 16, 17. If it be desirable to raise the tool- A bar to a point higher than that indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 4, this may be done by a proper raising or lowering of the plug or rod 54 to which the fulcrum joint '58 is attached. Since the tubular bearing 52 and sleeve 53 are integral with the sleeve 51,

these parts travel as a unit in any movement imparted to the sleeve 51 along the arm 40. The carriage C, which may be regarded as composed of the parts lettered C, the overhanging arm 40, brackets 42, and'43, is

rigid on the rail 36, it being impossible to turn thereon on account of the locked con- 'nection'between the parts resulting from the interlocking of the teeth 38 with pinion47, and on account of the rib 37.

For operating on a circumscribed area therefore, the tools are under perfect control by a proper manipulation of the levers 59, 66, which are'capable 'of directing the tools to any pointof such area. To enlarge the area of operation, the carriage is shifted inproper direction along the rail36 and locked by the screw 48, when again the levers 59, 66 are brought into play. The lever 59 not only serves the operator in that he can exert the necessary pressure on the stock, but' holding the lever as he does in his hand, he

can "feel whether the tools are being abused under an undue pressure; and when. there is danger of breakage he can relieve the pressure somewhat. v In order that the several tools may project the proper extent out of their sockets, he drives the rod 111 into the tool-spindlethe required degree by tapping on the stem 109 (the screw 110 being first loosened) which may be provided ifdesirable with gage marks or a scale, the stem 109 always serving as a back-stop or abutment for the rod 111 and the tool 93 bearing against it.

The operation of the stock-frame has already been described, but a word or two may be ,added to supplement what has already been said. When the stock which is clamped between the head and tail-chucks is having one or the other end raised or lowered relatively to its opposite end, it is obvious that it sweeps in the arc of a circle.

- For this reason one set of staffs 68 (69) is belt 5 moves in conformity thereto,

the vertical movements of the linked-frame the belt 5 is always kept taut by the weighted gravitating pulley block 29, which by the way may at any time be arrested if desired for any reason by the pivoted lug or ear p carried by the frame, which lug is shown swung into engagement in Fig. 13.

Such-structural'features as may-be shown but to which no specific reference has been made are well understood in the art and a description of them is here unnecessary. Since the transverse travel, of the tool-frame cannot exceed the obviously becomes necessary in order that the entire distance between the chucks 77,

. 7 7 be traversed by the tools, that the entire stock-frame be moved transversely on its rails R, B. This is done by hand, when it will-remain held in any adjusted position by the cables'88.

It is to-be understood that one of the underlying principles of the present machine, is the control of the tool-frame and tool-bar in movements in three distinct di rections, namely in an oscillation in one 7 direction about a given axis, in a reciprocation or oscillation parallel to said axis, and in a transverse reciprocatlon to and from a line parallel'to said axis; and while herein illustrated as being'accomplished'by devices actuated by the hands, it is obvious that any well known mechanical means actuated by water, air'orsteam may be substituted for the hand means specifically shown.

length of the ways e, it

. tionary member Having described my invention what ll claim is:

1. In a carving machine, a suitable ,tool-' in vertical and horizontal planes, a stationary member or abutment, and means interposed between the frame and abutment for shifting the position of the frame relatively to said abutment, substantially as set forth. 3. In a carving machine, a tool-carrier frame capable of a, bodily reciprocating movement, and having a tool-bar capable of oscillation about a fixed axis in a given plane and ofindependent reciprocation parallel to said axis, a stationary member or abutment, and means interposedbetween the abutment and tool-bar for shifting the position of the frame relatively to said abutment, substantially as set forth.

. 4. In a carving machine, a tool-carrier framecapable of a bodily reciprocatlng movement and having a tool-bar capable of oscillation about a fixed axis in a given plane and ofindependent reclprocation parallel to said axis, a longitudinal stationary member or abutment disposed parallel to the axis aforesaid, and means interposed between the abutment and tool-bar and adjustable along said abutment, for shifting the posltion of the frame relatively tosaid abutment, substantially as set forth. t

5. In a carving machine, a movable toplcarrier frame having four sides. forming a parallelogram, a tool-bar forming one of the sides, capable vof reciprocating. longitudinally and in parallel with .a line passlng through the contiguous. sides at equal distances from the'tool-bar, a longitudlnal staa X or abutment disposed parallel to sa1d line, between said abutment and tool-bar and fixed to the tool-bar but adjustablealong the abutment whereby expansion and contraction of the parallelogram is possible upon reciprocation of the tool-bar, substantially as set-forth.

6. In a carving machine, a movable-toolcarrier frame having four sides forming a parallelogram, a tool-bar forming one of the sides, capable of reciprocating longitudinally or parallel to its length, and means for confining its reciprocations along a line disposed at a uniform distance from a parallel line, the contiguous and opposite sides of the parallelogram conforming themselves to suchreciprocations of the toolbar, substantially as set forth. 4

and connections interposed aae 7. In a carving machine, a tool-carrier frame capable of a bodily reciprocation and having a tool-bar capable of oscillation about a fixed axis in a given plane and of independent reciprocation parallel to said axis, a longitudinal stationary member or abutment disposed parallel to said axis and between it and the tool-bar, and connections interposed between the abutment andtoolbar and adjustable along the abutment, for shifting the position of the frame relatively to said abutment, substantially as set forth.

. 8. In a carving machine, a movable toolcarrier framecomprising a parallelogram one side thereof serving as the "tool-bar, and means for constraining said tool-bar to a longitudinal movement at a uniform distance from a fixed line parallel therewith, whereby the side opposite the tool-bar is moved to and from said tool-bar to allow for the necessary oscillation of the contiguous sides during such longitudinal movements, substantially as set forth.

9.In a carving machine, a tool-carrier frame having a reciprocating movement, traveling hearings on which the same is mounted, suitable ways or tracks for the bearings, wheels rotatable about fixed axes having cords wrapped. thereover and extending in opposite directions and secured to the bearings, a fixed abutment, and devices interposed between the-abutment and tool-carrier frame for actuating the latter, substantially as set forth.

10. In a carving machine, a reciprocating toolcarrier frame rotatable vertically about a permanent axis, a tool-bar at one end of the frame, a drive belt, a fixed drive-pulley or drum mounted above the opposite end of the tool-carrier frame, a linked frame coupled to the tool-carrier frame and occupying a position between said tool-frame and drive pulley, a series of guide pulleys on said linked-frame around which said drive-belt passes, one of the pulleys being movably suspended from one of the laps of the belt whereby the latter is permanently tightened, and means on the linked-frame for guiding said suspended pulley, substantially as set forth.

11. In combination with a reciprocating tool-carrier frame composed of a longitudinal member, arms fixed thereto and capable of oscillation in planes parallel to said member, a tool-bar carried by said arms, a stationary longitudinal abutment disposed parallel to said longitudinal member, a traveling carriage mounted on the abutment and coupled to the tool-bar, and controlling devices on the carriage for adjusting the position of the tool-bar relatively to the abutment whereby a bodily movement is imparted to the tool-frame, substantially as set forth.

12. In combination with a reciprocating folding tool-carrier frame composed. of a longitudinal member, arms fixed thereto and capable of oscillation in planes parallel to said member, a toolbar carried by the arms, a stationary longitudinal abutment disposed parallel to said longitudinal member, a traveling carriage mounted on the abutment and coupled to the tool-bar, and controlling devices on the carriage for constraining the longitudinal movement of the tool-bar to a fixed distance from the abutment upon a movement of the carriage in either direction, whereby the longitudinal member of the tool-frame is moved to and from the abutment according to the direction of travel of the carriage, substantially as set forth.

13. In combination with a reciprocating tool-carrier frame composed of a longitudinal member, arms fixed thereto and capable of oscillation in vertical planes about the axis of said member, and also in horizontal planes, a tool-bar carried by said arms, a stationary longitudinal abutment disposed parallel to the axis of vertical oscillation of the tool-frame, a traveling carriage'mounted on the abutment and coupled to the toolbar, and controlling devices on the carriage for adjusting"the position of the tool-bar relatively to the abutment whereby a bodily movement is imparted to the tool-frame, substantiallyfas set forth.

14. In combination with a reciprocating tool-frame having a tool-bar capable of a combined rotary and longitudinal recipro- 21,

cation, the longitudinal component of such combined movement being transverse to the reciprocation of the tool-frame, suitable intransverse to the direction of reciprocation 1 of the frame, a stationary abutment, a lever interposed between said abutment and toolframe for imparting reciprocation to the latter, and a second lever cooperatively connected to the first lever for imparting the necessary reciprocations to the toolbar whereby the tools traverse an area conformable to said reciprocations, substantially as set forth.

16. In combination with a reciprocating tool-frame having a tool-bar capable of a longitudinal reciprocation transverse to the reciprocation of the tool-frame, suitable independent devices coupled to the frame and cooperatively connected to each other for rocations to the tool-bar, substantially as erse an area conformable to said movement,-

substantially as set forth '17. In combination with a reciprocating tool-frame having a tool-bar capable of a combined rotary and longitudinal reciprocation, the longitudinal component being transverse to the reciprocation of the frame, a stationary abutment, a movable member interposed between said abutment and toolframe and coupled to the frame, a controlling lever for actuating said tmovablemember for imparting the necessary rec1proca tions to the tool-frame, and a second member cooperatively connected to' the movable member for imparting the necessary recipset forth.

18. In combination with a reciprocating and oscillating tool-frame having a tool-bar capable of a combined rotary and longitudlnal' reciprocation, the longitudinal component being transverse to the reciprocations of the tool-frame, a stationary abutment, a rigid support carried by the abutment, a movable member mounted on said support, a lever for shifting said movable member to and from the abutment, and a second lever fulcrumed to the movable member and loosely coupled to the tool-bar, whereby upon proper oscillations of the levers the necessary reciprocations are imparted to the tool-frame and tool-bar, substantially as set forth.

19. In combination with a horizontally reciprocating, and vertically oscillating jointed tool-frame'having a tool-bar capable of a: combined rotary and longitudinal re ciprocation, the longitudinal component being transverse to the reciprocations of the tool-frame, a stationary abutment, a rigid rack-arm carried by the abutment and projecting toward the tool-bar, a sleeve mounted on the arm, a pinion on the sleeve, a lever for actuating the pinion and thereby shifting the sleeve along the arm, a member carried by the sleeve, a second lever having a ball and socket connection with said member and loosely connected to the tool-bar, whereby upon oscillations of the levers in proper directions the necessary reciprocations are imparted to the tool-frame and tool-bar, substantially as set forth.

20. In combination with a horizontally reciprocating, and vertically oscillating jointed tool-frame having a tool-bar capable of a combined rotary and longitudinal reciprocation, the longitudinal component being transverse to the reciprocations of the tool-frame, a stationary abutment, a rigid rack-arm projecting from the abutment toward the tool-bar, a sleeve mounted on the arm, a lever for shifting the sleeve along the arm, a rod or plug mounted in the sleeve and adjustable vertically therein, a second lever loosely coupled to the tool-bar and connected by a'ball and socket joint to the adjustable rod, the parts operating substantially as and for the purpose set forth 21. In combination with a reciprocating jointed tool-frame having a tool-bar capable of longitudinal reciprocation transverse to the reciprocation of the tool-frame, arigid rail or abutment mounted in proximity and parallel to, the tool-bar, and a carriage movable along said rail and cooperatively connected to the tool-bar, substantially as set forth.

22. In combination with a reciprocating jointed tool-frame having a tool-bar capable of conjoint rotary and longitudinal reciprocation, the longitudinal component being transverse to'the reciprocation of the toolframe, a rail or abutment disposed parallel to the tool-bar, and a carriage mounted to travel on the rail and pivotally, coupled to the tool-bar, substantially as set forth.

23...In combination with a reciprocating jointed tool-frame having a tool-bar capable of conjoint rotary and longitudinal reciprocation, the longitudinal component being at right angles to the reciprocation of the toolframe, a rail or abutment disposed parallel to the tool-frame, a carriage mounted to travel on said rail, a lever loosely connected to the tool-bar, and a jointed connection between the fulcrum end of the lever and the carriage, substantially as set forth.

24. In-combination with a tool, a head and tail chuck, suitable supporting staffs movable to and from one another, an operating screw in each staff, a nut traveling on said screw, means for effecting a hinged connection between the nuts and the respectivechucks, means for imparting rotation to the screws at one end of the stock whereby the stock at that end shall be raised or lowered, and means for locking one of the staffs against movement to allow the opposite staff to shift in conformity to the sweep imparted to the stock, substantially as set forth.

25. In combination with a reciprocating tool-carrier frame. capable of oscillation about a fixed axis, and of oscillation in planes parallel to said axis, suitable means connected to the frame for controlling said reciprocation by a force exerted in a line parallel to said reciprocation, and additional means for controlling said reciprocation by the available component of a force applied along an arc of a circle, substantially as set forth.

26. In combination with a reciprocating tool-carrier frame having a tool-bar capable of reciprocation transversely to the reciprocations of the frame, suitable independent devices coupled to the frame and cooperatively connected to each other for simultaneously effecting bodily reciprocation of the frame,.and'reciprocation of the tool-bar, substantially as set forth.

27. In combination with a tool, a head and tail chuck mounted in movable relation to one another and adaptedto support the stock betweenthem, means for moving one of the chucks and the stock about an axis of the opposite chuck, whereby the distance between the chucks adjusts itself to the are described by the moving parts, substantially as set forth. I

28. In combination with a tool, a head and tail chuck, supports therefor pivotally secured to the chucks, means for securing the stock between the chucks, devices for holding the supports in movable and adjustable relation to one another, and means for moving one of said supports about the pivotal axis of the other support as a center whereby the distance between the supports will adjust itself in conformity to the are described by the moving support, substantially as set'forth.

29. In combination with a tool-frame comprising a tool-bar capable of longitu dinal reciprocation, a member disposed parallel to the tool-bar, and arms pivotally connecting the tool-bar to said member, a reverse cutter composed of two segments mounted pivotally on the aforesaid member and oscillating in opposite directions and respectively secured to two adjacent arms,

. one of said arms terminating in a socket loosely embracing the tool-bar, and a loose collar interposed between said arm and socket whereby the tool-bar is susceptible of independent axial rotation to impart any desirable angle to the tools, during the reciprocations of the tool-bar, substantially as set forth. a

30. In combination with a tubular toolspindlehaving a terminal socket for the reception of a tool, a stem inserted into the spindle and rotating therewith and bearing with one'end against the tool, and a rod bearing against the opposite end of the stem 7 and slidingly adjustable to and from the stem and serving as an abutment or stop.

for the stem to regulate the depth of insertion of the tool in its socket, substantially as set forth. I

31. In combination with a tubular toolspindle having a terminal socket for the reception of a tool, a stem having longitudinal parallel grooves, inserted in said spin dle, spring keys mounted in the walls of the spindle and engaging the grooves aforesaid and locking the stem to the spindle but per-' mitting longitudinal movement of the stem inside the spindle, one end of the stem bearing against the tool, anda sliding rod inserted into the opposite end of the spindle and bearing againstthe stem, substantially v as set forth.

32. In combination with a.pair of staffs adapted to travel back and forth, operating screws in the staffs, sprocket wheels at the bases of .the screws, chains connecting said wheels, a second pair of staffs provided with screws in the stafi's, sprocket wheels at the bases of the screws, chains connecting said Wheels, a second similar pair of staffs and sprocket wheels and chains, spacing bars disposed between the adjacent members of the respective pairs of staffs for retaining the staffs at predetermined distances apart, means for permitting disengagement of the bars from. their staffs, a shaft connecting the first pair of staffs, drums on the shaft, cables wrapped about the drums with ends extending in opposite directions, means for securing the free ends of the cables, nuts traveling on the screws of the respective staffs, head and tail chucks hinged to the nuts of the respective pairs of staffs, and spacing rods be tween the chucks, substantially as set forth.

34. In combination with a tool oscillating about a given center, a lever for controlling the movements of the tool along the arc of its oscillations, and a second lever in coupled relation to the first lever for shifting the center of oscillation in a direction transverse to the sine of the are described by the tool, substantially as set forth.

35. In combination with a tool oscillating about a given center, a lever for controlling the movements of the tool along the arc of its oscillations, and a second lever in coupled relation to the first lever for shifting,

thecenter of oscillation of the tool in a dithe are described set forth.

36. In combination with a tool oscillating about a given center, a lever for controlling the movements of the tool along the arc of its oscillations, and a second lever disposed in proximity tothe first-lever and at right angles thereto and oscillating in a planesubstantially parallelto the first lever, and in coupled relation to the latter, for shifting the center of oscillation of the tool in a direction transverse to the sine of the arc described by the tool, substantially as set forth.

37. In combination with a tool oscillating abouta -given' center, a lever for controlling the movements of the tool along the arc of about a given center, a lever oscillating its oscillations, and a second lever in coupled relation to the fii st lever for shifting the tool and its center of oscillation in a path transverse to the sine of the are described by v the tool, substantially as setforth.

38. In combination with a tool oscillating from the same center and controlling the movements of the tool in its oscillations, and

a second lever in coupled relation to the first lever for shifting the center of oscillation of the'first lever in a path transverse to the sine of the are described by. the first lever and the toolcontrolled thereby, substantially as set forth.

.39. In combination with alever capable of oscillation in difierent planes about a ball-and-socket joint, a tool secured to the lever a suitable distance'from said joint, a

second lever in coupled relation to the first lever for shifting the position of the joint in directions to cause the tool to traverse an area in its movements along a given plane,

substantially as set forth.

40. In combination with a tool oscillating about a given center, a lever oscillating about the same center in a given plane and controlling themovements of the tool in its os- I cillations, and a second lever in coupled relation to the first lever for shifting the center of oscillation of the latter in a direction to impart an areal traverse to the tool in its movements along a given plane, substantially asset forth.

41. In combination-with a tool oscillating about a given center, means for controlling the movement of the tool along the arc of its oscillations, and additional means in cooperative relation to said controlling means,

for shiftingthe center of oscillation of said tool in a d rection transverse to the sine of the arc described by the tool, substantially as set forth.

42. In combination with a reciprocating tool-carrier frame capable of oscillation about a fixed axis, and of oscillation in I planes parallel to (said axis, suitable'means connected to the frame forcontrolling said reciprocation,- and additional means in coope erative relationto the first mentloned means [for controlling the oscillatory movements aforesaid,substantially as set forth.

43. In combination with a tool capable of .reciprocation"in specific directions, means for controllin the tool in said reciprocations, and ad itional means in cooperative relation to said controlling means for simultaneously imparting a movement to the tool in a direction transverse to that of the reciprocations aforesaid, substantially as set forth.

45. In combination with a tool capable of reciprocation in two directions transverse to one another, and in a third direction transverse to one of the aforesaid two directions, of means for mechanically controlling the tool in its movements inthe respective directions, substantially as set forth.

46. In combination with a. cutting tool, means including two levers for mechanical control of'said tool in two directions transverse to one another, the free ends of said levers being adapted to hand operation, the longitudinal axis of said tool being adapted to remain in the same relative position during the movementsof said tool in said directions.

N 47. In combination with a tubular spindle, a tool, adjustable means to attach said tool to one end of said spindle, an adjustable stop for the tube of said spindle and means to hold said stop in its adjusted position for the purpose of endwise adjustment of said tool.

48. Incombination with a tubular spindle an adjustable tool, an adjustable stop for said tool, adjusting-means for said stop, projectin through the free end of said spindle, and adapted to be operated without removing the toolholder from the spindle, substantially as set forth. 1

49. In combination with a tubular spindle, an adjustable tool for said spindle, anadjustable stop for said tool projecting through the free end of said spindle and means for a mechanical control of said spinadapted to hand operation, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I aflix. my Sigma ture, 1n presence of two witnesses.

EM-iL R. LOGHMAN.

Witnesses EMIL S'rAREK, MARY D. WHITCOMB. Y 

